Zirconium is also widely used in the vacuum industry. It can be used to make beautiful golden yellow. The industry has zirconium gold and titanium gold. It is also known as zirconium or titanium. Hue, today I will talk about zirconium.
Zirconium easily absorbs hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen; zirconium has a strong affinity for oxygen. Oxygen dissolved in zirconium at 1000°C can significantly increase its volume. The surface of zirconium is easy to form an oxide film with gloss, so the appearance is similar to steel. Corrosion resistance, but soluble in hydrofluoric acid and aqua regia. At high temperatures, it can react with non-metallic elements and many metallic elements to form solid solutions. Zirconium has good plasticity and can be easily processed into plates and wires. Zirconium can absorb a large amount of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and other gases when heated, and can be used as a hydrogen storage material. Zirconium has better corrosion resistance than titanium, close to niobium and tantalum. Zirconium and hafnium are two metals that are chemically similar and coexist together, and contain radioactive materials.
Zirconium, like lithium and titanium, can strongly absorb nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and other gases. When the temperature exceeds nine hundred degrees Celsius, zirconium can absorb nitrogen violently; under the condition of two hundred degrees Celsius, 100 grams of metal zirconium can absorb 817 liters of hydrogen, which is more than 800,000 times that of iron. This feature of zirconium has been widely used. For example, in the electric vacuum industry, people widely use zirconium powder to coat the surface of anodes and other heated parts of electric vacuum components and instruments to absorb residual gas in the vacuum tube to make a high vacuum. Of electronic tubes and other electric vacuum instruments, thereby improving their quality and extending their use time.
Zirconium can also be used as a “vitamin” in the metallurgical industry, exerting its powerful functions of deoxidation, nitrogen removal and sulfur removal. As long as one thousandth of zirconium is added to the steel, the hardness and strength will be surprisingly improved; zirconium-containing armor steel, stainless steel, and heat-resistant steel are important materials for defense weapons such as armored vehicles, tanks, artillery, and bulletproof plates. . Zirconium is mixed into copper and drawn into copper wire. The conductivity is not weakened, but the melting point is greatly improved. It is very suitable for high-voltage wire. Zirconium-containing zinc-magnesium alloy is light and high temperature resistant, and its strength is twice that of ordinary magnesium alloy, which can be used in the manufacture of jet engine components.
Zirconium powder is characterized by a low ignition point and a fast burning speed. It can be used as a detonator for initiating a detonator. This advanced detonator can explode even under water. Zirconium powder plus oxidant. This is like adding fuel to the fire and burning it with glare. It is a good material for making tracers and flares.
Zirconium alloy is a non-ferrous alloy composed of zirconium as a matrix with other elements added. The main alloying elements are tin, niobium and iron. Zirconium alloy has good corrosion resistance, moderate mechanical properties, low atomic thermal neutron absorption cross section in high temperature and high pressure water and steam at 300～400℃, and has good compatibility with nuclear fuel. It is mostly used as water-cooled nuclear reactor. Core structure material. In addition, zirconium has excellent corrosion resistance to a variety of acids, alkalis and salts, and has a strong affinity with oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. Therefore, zirconium alloys are also used to manufacture corrosion-resistant parts and pharmaceutical machinery parts. In the electric vacuum and bulb industry It is widely used as a non-evaporable getter.
There are two types of zirconium alloys produced on an industrial scale: zirconium-tin series and zirconium-niobium series. The former alloy grades are Zr-2 and Zr-4, and the typical representative of the latter is Zr-2.5Nb. In zirconium-tin alloys, the alloying elements tin, iron, chromium, and nickel can increase the strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal conductivity of the corrosion-resistant film of the material, and reduce the sensitivity of the surface state to corrosion. Usually Zr-2 alloy is used for boiling water reactor, Zr-4 alloy is used for pressurized water reactor. In the zirconium-niobium-based alloy, when the amount of niobium added reaches the solid solution limit of the zirconium crystal structure at the use temperature, the alloy has the best corrosion resistance. Zirconium alloy has a homogenous and heterocrystalline transformation, the crystal structure at high temperature is body-centered cubic, and at low temperature it is close-packed hexagonal. Zirconium alloy has good plasticity and can be made into pipes, plates, rods and wires by plastic processing; its weldability is also good and can be used for welding processing.
Zirconium has a small thermal neutron capture cross section and outstanding nuclear properties. It is an indispensable material for the development of the atomic energy industry and can be used as a reactor core structure material. Zirconium powder is easy to burn in the air and can be used as detonator and smokeless powder. Zirconium can be used as an additive for deoxidation and desulfurization of high-quality steel, and it is also a component of armor steel, cannon steel, stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. Zirconium is an important alloy element of magnesium alloys, which can improve the tensile strength and processing performance of magnesium alloys. Zirconium is also a modifier of aluminum-magnesium alloys, which can refine grains. Zirconium dioxide and zircon are the most valuable compounds in refractory materials. Zirconium dioxide is the main material of new ceramics, and it can not be used as a heating material resistant to high temperature oxidation. Zirconium dioxide can be used as an additive for acid-resistant enamel and glass, which can significantly improve the elasticity, chemical stability and heat resistance of glass. Zirconite has strong light reflection performance and good thermal stability, and can be used as a sunscreen in ceramics and glass. Zirconium can absorb a large amount of oxygen, hydrogen, ammonia and other gases when heated. It is an ideal getter. For example, zirconium powder is used as a deaerator in electronic tubes, and zirconium wire zirconium sheets are used as grid supports and anode supports.
Powdered iron mixed with zirconium nitrate can be used as flash powder. Almost all metal zirconium is used as a cladding for uranium fuel elements in nuclear reactors. It is also used to make flashlights for photography, as well as corrosion-resistant containers and pipes, especially resistant to hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Zirconium chemicals can be used as crosslinking agents for polymers
Military use
From the military point of view, as long as one thousandth of zirconium is added to the steel, the hardness and strength will be surprisingly improved. Zirconium-containing armor steel, artillery forging steel, stainless steel, and heat-resistant steel are important materials for the manufacture of weapons such as armored vehicles, tanks, artillery, and bulletproof plates.
From the perspective of atomic energy and nuclear energy, zirconium has outstanding nuclear energy and is an indispensable material for the development of the atomic energy industry. China's large nuclear power plants generally use zirconium. If nuclear power is used to generate electricity, each million kilowatts of power generation capacity, one year It is necessary to consume 20 to 25 tons of metal zirconium. The zirconium alloy used in a 30,000-horsepower nuclear submarine can be used as a nuclear fuel cladding and pressure tube, and can be used up to 20 to 30 tons.
Zirconium is a rare metal with amazing corrosion resistance, extremely high melting point, ultra-high hardness and strength. It is widely used in aerospace, military industry, nuclear reaction, and atomic energy. The anti-corrosion and high-resistance titanium products used on "Shenzhou VI" have far less corrosion resistance than zirconium. Its melting point is about 1600 degrees, and the melting point of zirconium is above 1800 degrees, and the melting point of zirconium dioxide is as high as 2700. Above the degree, so zirconium as an aerospace material, its performance in all aspects is greatly superior to titanium.
Baoji Hongyada Nonferrous Metal Material Co., Ltd.
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